Mihai Eminescu
Mihai
Eminescu, born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January
1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet,
novelist and journalist, often regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and worked as an editor for the
newspaper Timpul ("The Time"), the official
newspaper of the Conservative
Party (1880–1918). His
poetry was first published when he was 16 and he went to Vienna to study when he was 19. The poet's Manuscripts, containing 46 volumes and approximately 14,000 pages,
were offered by Titu
Maiorescu as a gift to the Romanian
Academy during the meeting that was held on 25 January 1902. Notable
works include Luceafărul (The Vesper/The Evening Star/The Lucifer/The
Daystar), Odă în metru
antic (Ode in Ancient
Meter), and the five Letters (Epistles/Satires). In his
poems he frequently used metaphysical, mythological and historical subjects.
He was soon proclaimed Romania's national
poet, not because he wrote in an age of national
revival, but rather because he was received as an author of paramount
significance by Romanians in all provinces. Even today, he is considered the
national poet of Romania, Moldova, and of the Romanians who live in the Ukrainian
occupied part of Bucovina.Stefan cel Mare
Stephen III of
Moldavia, or Stephen
III (c. 1433 - July 2, 1504),
also known as Stephen the
Great (Romanian: Ştefan cel Mare; Ştefan cel Mare şi Sfânt, "Stephen the Great and Holy"
in more modern versions) was Prince of Moldavia between
1457 and 1504, and the most prominent representative of the House of Muşat.
During his
reign, he turned Moldavia into a strong state and maintained its independence
against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland,
and the Ottoman Empire, which all sought to subdue the land.
Stephen
achieved fame in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottomans. He was by
his own account victorious in thirty-four of his thirty-six battles, and was
one of the first to win a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of
Vaslui, after which Pope Sixtus IV deemed him verus christianae fidei athleta (true Champion of Christian Faith).
He was a man
of faith who
displayed his piety when he paid the debt of Mount
Athos to the Ottoman Sultan, ensuring the continuity of Athos
as an autonomous monastic community.
Stephen said that he had waged 36 battles, of which he won 34.
Though it was marked by continual strife, Stephen's long reign brought
considerable cultural development; many churches and monasteries were erected
by Stephen himself; some of which, including Voroneţ, are now part of UNESCO's World Heritage sites.
Stephen was seen as holy by many Christians, soon after his
death. He has been canonized a saint by the Romanian Orthodox Church under
the name "The Right-believing Voivod Stephen the Great and the Holy."
Sofia Vicoveanca
Sofia Micu (born at 23 September 1941, Toporăuţi, Cernăuţi
County, today in Ukraine), known by her stage
name Sofia Vicoveanca,
is a famous Romanian singer of popular music from the Bucovina region. Her voice is unique and she is one of the most
loved popular singer in our country.
Ciprian Porumbescu
Ciprian
Porumbescu (born Ciprian
Gołęmbiowski on October 14,
1853 – June 6, 1883) was a Romanian composer
born in Sipotele Sucevei in Bukovina (now
Shepit, Putyla Raion, Ukraine). He was among the most celebrated Romanian composers of
his time; his popular works include Crai
nou, Trei culori, Song for the 1st of May, Ballad for violin and piano,
and Serenada. In addition,
he composed the music for Pe-al
nostru steag e scris Unire, which was used for Albania's national anthem, Hymni
i Flamurit. His work spreads over various forms and musical genres, but the
majority of his work is choral and operetta.
Ciprian
Porumbescu wrote poetry, lyrics and press articles, and actively participated
in the public cultural life. He helped the rise of the Romanian music school
during an age of enthusiasm generated by Romania's independence. Some of the
most remarkable musical pages of the composer were inspired by national heroes
and great army leaders, such as Stephen III of Moldavia and Dragoș Vodă. The appreciation of his music came from the melodic
nature of his compositions and their folklore inspiration.
Finished on October 21, 1880, the Ballad for Violin and Orchestra soon
became the best known work by Ciprian Porumbescu, and a reference work in
Romanian classical music of the 19th century. In seclusion at Stupca, the
composer meditated, drafted and then finished the piece, full of poetry and
bitter nostalgia, with light and shade, a mixture of "Doina", old dance and song, everything in the environment
of serene melancholy.Nicolae Labis
Nicolae Labiș (December 2, 1935 in Poiana
Mărului, Suceava
County, Romania – December 22, 1956 in Bucharest) was a Romanian poet.
In 1955-56,
Labiș wrote his major lyric works. Many of them, though published in magazines,
did not make it into his first published volume, Primele iubiri ("First Loves"), which came
out after much delay in the autumn of 1956. (Shortly before that, he published
a work for children, Puiul de
cerb ("The Fawn").
Some remained in manuscript form, but eventually all were published after 1962.
In March 1956, he gave a fine speech at a national conference of young writers,
and that whole year was "uncannily productive": he continued writing
and publishing poems besides those in Primele
iubiri, drawing admiration and envy, and was actively preparing his next
volume.
At the
beginning of 1958, his second volume of poetry, Lupta cu inerția (The Fight against Inertia),
which he had prepared before his death, was published. Between 1962 and 1985, twelve
new editions of his poems appeared, with many new ones from his manuscripts.
Studies, articles, and encomia all appeared in literary magazines through this
period, for Labiș proved an enduring source of inspiration and guidance for the 1960s
generation of Romanian poets, led by Nichita Stănescu.
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